Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Horizontal Rolls and Cells in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Based on Radar and in Situ Observations     

F. Lohou  A. Druilhet  B. Campistron 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,89(3):407-444

This paper is the second of a series devoted to the observation and analysis of coherent structures in the cloudy Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) such as horizontal rolls or thermal cells. In the first paper, the TRAC (Turbulence Radar Aircraft Cells) experiment which is the observational support of this investigation based on coupled radar-aircraft measurements, was presented along with an overview of the main results of this campaign held in June 1993 in France. Here the analysis is focused on the spatial characteristics (length-scale, orientation ... ) of the coherent structures, their temporal evolution and vertical distribution deduced from the radar reflectivity fields acquired in clear air at several levels for five different ABLs. For that, an original and efficient image processing method able to extract the major mode of the organisation was developed. These characteristics are examined in relation to the dynamic and thermodynamic state of the ABL using mean and turbulent information as observed by the in-situ aircraft. These experimental results are the basis of a future Large Eddy Simulation modeling of an organised ABL which is in progress and will be the concern of the third paper in the series.  相似文献   

Unsteadiness as a cause of non-equality of eddy diffusivities for heat and vapour at the base of an advective inversion   总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0  

K. G. McNaughton  J. Laubach 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1998,88(3):479-504

This paper examines the effect of non-stationarity of the wind on similarity of the eddy diffusivities for heat and vapour within a stable layer at the bottom of an internal boundary layer formed downwind of a dry-to-wet transition. First, we present some experimental data taken above a rice crop downwind of very extensive dry range lands at Warrawidgee, NSW, Australia. These data establish that periods of higher wind speed were associated with periods of higher saturation deficit in the canopy of the rice crop, and lower Bowen ratio. It is shown that Bowen ratios calculated for 30-second sub-intervals varied three-fold within a single 20-minute averaging period. Thus periods of higher wind speed corresponded to periods of higher moisture flux and smaller sensible heat flux.An idealized situation is then analysed theoretically. It is assumed that the time scale of the slow variations of the wind is long compared with the surface-layer time scale and that fetch is sufficient that the air near the ground is in continuous equilibrium with the surface. Using a two-scale Reynolds decomposition of the fluctuating wind and scalar variables into active and inactive components, it is shown that unsteadiness can lead to an eddy diffusivity for saturation deficit, calculated as the ratio of average flux to average gradient, that is larger than that for total energy calculated in a similar way. Using this ratio to calculate the ratio of diffusivities for temperature and humidity, K_T/K_q, it is found that the latter can be much larger than one if the Bowen ratio is small and negative. Despite this, assuming K_T = K_q and using the Bowen ratio method to calculate surface energy fluxes will usually incur only minor errors.  相似文献   

SOUTHERN BOUNDARY FORCING RELATIVE TO GENESIS, MAINTENANCE AND OSCILLATION OF A SUBTROPICAL HIGH^*     

Lu Weisong  Tao Li 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(1):40-49

A nonlinear critical layer and a Kelvin cat's eye excited thereupon are simulated through four schemes in the context of a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation model with forced stationary wave acting along the southern boundary to investigate effects of tropical steady forcing on the genesis,maintenance and oscillation of a subtropical high(STH).Evidence suggests that the southern forcing is responsible for the planetary quasi-steady anticyclonic Kelvin cat's eye-form flow field inside the nonlinear critical layer,with the eye shifting,vigor and shape changing quite similar to the behaviors of a summer STH,in striking contrast to the northern stationary forcing.As such,the southern boundary-caused cat's eye is likely to be an even more important mechanism for STH genesis and evolution.In addition,a physical mechanism is introduced for quasi-steady planetary wave moving through the critical layer at subtropical latitudes.  相似文献   

辽东湾东海岸地区热内边界层特性研究     

杨洪斌  刘万军 《气象》1998,24(8):42-43

利用辽东湾东海岸三个低空探测点的实测资料计算了各低空探测点的热内边界层平均高度,并将观测值与用经验公式得到的估算值进行了比较,给出了可用于这一地区的计算公式。  相似文献   

大气动力学方程组的定性理论及其应用   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

李建平  丑纪范 《大气科学》1998,22(4):443-453

基于完整的湿大气动力学方程组,利用无穷维动力系统的新理论和新方法,系统讨论了强迫耗散的非线性大气系统的定性理论及其应用。将完整的强迫耗散非线性湿大气动力学方程组化为Hilbert空间中一个等价的算子方程,研究了算子的性质及其物理意义,在此基础上得到湿大气系统全局吸引子的存在性定理,揭示出系统向外源的非线性适应特征,并把结果推广到有地形动力作用和非定常外源强迫的情形。同时探讨了大气方程组惯性流形的存在,大气多平衡态产生的根源以及强迫、耗散和非线性对系统解的渐近行为的影响。在理论结果的基础上,提出强迫耗散的非线性动力系统中存在三类时间边界层、方程组简化准则、分解算法的算子约束原则以及支撑吸引子基底的少数自由度的构造方法,探讨了理论在非线性发展方程差分格式的设计和计算稳定性分析、多平衡态的数值分析、数值模式延伸预报的改进、短期气候预测以及一类中尺度系统分析与预测中的应用,指出描述长期过程动力学模式的必备条件,给出初值与模式相协调的合理解释。最后,对今后的研究方向作了展望。  相似文献   

区域气候模式侧边界的处理对东亚夏季风降水模拟的影响   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24  

魏和林  符淙斌  王维强 《大气科学》1998,22(5):779-790

在区域气候模式模拟中,侧边界的作用是引入大尺度强迫场。如何处理好侧边界,即大尺度强迫场和区域气候模式本身之间的关系问题,对于区域气候模式模拟和预报东亚夏季风降水具有重要意义。本文利用美国纽约州立大学Albany分校的区域气候模式（SUNYA-ReCM）,设计了两种不同的侧边界处理方法,来探讨侧边界对东亚夏季风降水模拟的影响。驱动区域模式的大尺度强迫场来自欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）及热带海洋大气研究计划（TOGA）的分析资料场。试验结果表明:（1）当模式的区域较大时,采用较小的侧边界缓冲区会在缓冲区与模式内部的交界处产生不连续;扩大缓冲区并且考虑不同尺度强迫在垂直方向上的不同作用,可以避免这一缺陷。（2）更重要的是采用后一种方案,即减少了区域气候模式在模拟大尺度环流场方面所起的作用,使得模式更多地依赖侧边界来得到更真实的、对东亚夏季风降水起重大影响的一些气流,如副高、西南季风和南海季风,对东亚夏季风降水无论是在大小上还是在雨带位置的演变上都能进行更好的模拟。  相似文献   

一个可供现代数学分析研究的气候动力学模型   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

曾庆存 《大气科学》1998,22(4):408-417

针对以往大气动力学方程和气候动力学方程数学研究所使用模式的不足之处,本文作了改进,使数学模型更接近于实际情况。这些包括,（1）取大气上界气压为零,而非某个正的（小）常数;（2）消除了整层无辐散近似,从而使地面气压为直接的预报量,但在地面气压预报方程中加入了水平湍流扩散项（平滑）;（3）对大气运动的内热源的辐射传输过程和水汽相变过程作了合理的处理,而非看作已知的外强迫,用适当的方法可以用解析函数较好地逼近这些过程。另外还提出合理的边界条件。我们的目的是要证明这样提出的初—边值问题的解的存在性,以后还可研究其基本性质和长期行为。  相似文献   

An integrated wavelet concept of physical geodesy   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

W. Freeden  F. Schneider 《Journal of Geodesy》1998,72(5):259-281

For the determination of the earth's gravity field many types of observations are nowadays available, including terrestrial gravimetry, airborne gravimetry, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gradio-metry, etc. The mathematical connection between these observables on the one hand and gravity field and shape of the earth on the other is called the integrated concept of physical geodesy. In this paper harmonic wavelets are introduced by which the gravitational part of the gravity field can be approximated progressively better and better, reflecting an increasing flow of observations. An integrated concept of physical geodesy in terms of harmonic wavelets is presented. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over an internal sphere to suitable linear combinations of observation functionals, i.e. linear functionals representing the geodetic observables. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for approximating the gravitational potential outside and on the earth's surface. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed for the case of band-limited wavelets. A method for combined global outer harmonic and local harmonic wavelet modelling is proposed corresponding to realistic earth's models. As examples, the role of wavelets is discussed for the classical Stokes problem, the oblique derivative problem, satellite-to-satellite tracking, satellite gravity gradiometry and combined satellite-to-satellite tracking and gradiometry. Received: 28 February 1997 / Accepted: 17 November 1997  相似文献   

广义球谐函数及其在梯度边值问题中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张传定  陆仲连  吴晓平 《测绘学报》1998,(3):23

本文首先指出球谐函数不是球面上唯一的正交函数系,接着证明了体谐函数的一阶、二阶水平导数（称之为广义球函数）也是球面上的正交函数系,最后利用球面上的正交函数系研究了物理大地测量中的一阶、二阶梯度边值问题。  相似文献   

A VARIATIONAL METHOD FOR COMPUTING POTENTIAL COEFFICIENTS USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRAVIMETRIC DATA     

GUO Junyi  Associate Professor  Laboratory for Modern Geodynamics  WTUSM  Wuhan  China   《地球空间信息科学学报》1998,(1)

In this paper,a variational method is presented for solving theclassical gravimetric,satellite gravimetric and satellite altimetric mixed typeboudary value problem to obtain the potential coefficients.According to thisprinciple,classical gravimetric data（height measured by geometric levelling orheight triangulation）,satellite gravimetric data（height measured by satellitegeodesy technique）and satellite altimetric data can be used jointly to calculate thepotential coefficients.  相似文献